Habitat and Substrate: Open woods and shaded roadsides, on soil or among mosses.

Rhode Island Status: Common.

Pollution Tolerance: Tolerant to acid rain and ozone.

Collection Site(s): Schoolhouse Pond/Deep Pond, Charlestown (#4868); Great Swamp Area, South Kingstown (#4941); Factory Pond, South Kingstown (#4977); Ell Pond, Hopkinton (#5029); Casimir Pulaski Memorial Park, Glocester (#5069); Sprague Farm, Glocester (#5082); Snake Den State Park, Johnston (#5167); Buck Hill Wildlife Management Area, Burrillville (#5217); Scituate Reservoir, Scituate (#5242); Clayville Cemetery, Foster (#5257); Blue Pond, Hopkinton (#5309); Nicholas Farm, Coventry (#5341); Tiverton Four Corners Cemetery, Tiverton (#5397); Queen River, Exeter (#5440); SR-146, North Smithfield (#5625).

Notes: Previously reported in Rhode Island by Bennett (1888), Hebert (Flenniken 1968a), and Flenniken (1968b). All specimens appear to be healthy and quite abundant in suitable habitats.