Habitat and Substrate: Open to partially shaded areas, on soil, often among grass or mosses.

Rhode Island Status: Common.

Pollution Tolerance: Intermediate to tolerant.

Collection Site(s): Beaver River, Richmond (#4891); Grass Pond, Richmond (#4907); Great Swamp Area, South Kingstown (#4942, #4943); Tuckerman Park, South Kingstown (#4958); Queen River Baptist Church, South Kingstown (#4997); Queen River, Exeter (#5005); Headwaters of Wood River, West Greenwich (#5126, #5127); Buck Hill Wildlife Management Area, Burrillville (#5215); First Baptist Church at Cross Mills, Charlestown (#5269); Pawtucket River Pine Barrens, Richmond (#5293); Frenchtown State Park, East Greenwich (#5418); Audubon Fort Nature Preserve, North Smithfield (#5452); Blue Pond, Hopkinton (#5441); Iron Mine Hill Road, North Smithfield (#5474); Elm Grove Cemetery at Allenton, North Kingstown (#5511); Kimball Wildlife Sanctuary, Charlestown (#5560); SR-146, North Smithfield (#5626).

Notes: Previously reported in Rhode Island by Ahti (1961), Hebert (Flenniken 1968a), and Flenniken (1968b).