Habitat and Substrate: Mostly shaded areas on wood, tree bases, and soil; often among mosses.

Rhode Island Status: Very common.

Pollution Tolerance: Intermediate to tolerant.

Collection Site(s): Crandall Swamp, Westerly (#4848, #4849); Schoolhouse Pond/Deep Pond, Charlestown (#4872); Beaver River, Richmond (#4893); Grass Pond, Richmond (#4911); Great Swamp Area, South Kingstown (#4944, #4946); Queen River, Exeter (#5010); Ell Pond, Hopkinton (#5032); Sprague Farm, Glocester (#5084); Headwaters of Wood River, West Greenwich (#5147, #5545); Snake Den State Park, Johnston (#5196); Lake Wallum, Burrillville (#5199); Buck Hill Wildlife Management Area, Burrillville (#5218); Scituate Reservoir, Scituate (#5243, #5245); Blue Pond, Hopkinton (#5315, #5317); Nicholas Farm, Coventry (#5342); J.L. Curran Park, Cranston (#5404); Frenchtown Park, East Greenwich (#5419); Lincoln Woods, Lincoln (#5443); Audubon Fort Nature Preserve, North Smithfield (#5453); Powder Mill Ledges Wildlife Refuge, Smithfield (#5531); Kimball Wildlife Sanctuary, Charlestown (#5562, #5563); George Parker Woodlands, Coventry (#5579).

Notes: Previously reported in Rhode Island by Bennett (1888), Riddle (1909), Hebert (Flenniken 1968a), Flenniken (1968b), and Greene (2000).