Habitat and Substrate: Both sunny and shaded areas, on soil, often among mosses.

Rhode Island Status: Common.

Pollution Tolerance: Intermediate to tolerant.

Collection Site(s): Matunuck Hills Area, South Kingstown (#4988, #4991); Casimir Pulaski Memorial Park, Glocester (#5073); Buck Hill Wildlife Management Area, Burrillville (#5216); Scituate Reservoir, Scituate (#5244); First Baptist Church at Cross Mills, Charlestown (#5270); Norman Bird Sanctuary, Middletown (#5368); Iron Mine Hill Road, North Smithfield (#5477); Black Swamp Area, North Kingstown (#5494); George Parker Woodlands, Coventry (#5578).

Notes: Previously reported in Rhode Island by Bennett (1888), Riddle (1909), and Flenniken (1968b).