Habitat and Substrate: Exposed to shaded areas and roadside banks, on soil and among mosses, occasionally on wood or tree bases.

Rhode Island Status: Very common.

Pollution Tolerance: Tolerant.

Collection Site(s): Diamond Hill State Park, Cumberland (#4830, #5526, #5528); Crandall Swamp, Westerly (#4846); Schoolhouse Pond/Deep Pond, Charlestown (4866, #4867, #4870, #4874); Beaver River, Richmond (#4892); Grass Pond, Richmond (#4908); Carolina Wildlife Management Area, Richmond (#4928, #4929); Great Swamp, South Kingstown (#4945); Queen River, Exeter (#5014); Ell Pond, Hopkinton (#5030); Ponagansett Public Fishing Area, Foster (#5055); Casimir Pulaski Memorial Park, Glocester (#5070); Headwaters of Wood River, West Greenwich (#5128); Lake Wallum, Burrillville (#5202); Buck Hill Wildlife Management Area, Burrillville (#5222, #5223, #5225, #5226); Clayville Cemetery, Foster (#5258); Pawtucket River Pine Barrens, Richmond (#5296); Blue Pond, Hopkinton (#5312, #5314); Nicholas Farm, Coventry (#5344, #5346); Norman Bird Sanctuary, Middletown (#5369, #5370); Frenchtown Park, East Greenwich (#5423); Lincoln Woods, Lincoln (#5444); Audubon Fort Nature Preserve, North Smithfield (#5456); Iron Mine Hill Road, North Smithfield (#5481, #5482); Black Swamp Area, North Kingstown (#5498, #5501); Big River Wildlife Management Area, West Greenwich (#5548, #5549); Kimball Wildlife Sanctuary, Charlestown (#5561); SR-146, North Smithfield (#5635, #5636, #5637, #5639, #5640).

Notes: Previously reported in Rhode Island by Greene (2000). Other records have not been verified.