Habitat and Substrate: Exposed areas, on rocks and tombstones.

Rhode Island Status: Common to very common.

Pollution Tolerance: Tolerant.

Collection Site(s): Diamond Hill State Park, Cumberland (#4833); Ell Pond, Hopkinton (#5037); Lime Rock, Lincoln (#5101); Snake Den State Park, Johnston (#5189); Pettaquamscutt River, North Kingstown (#5286); Norman Bird Sanctuary, Middletown (#5371).

Notes: Previously reported in Rhode Island by Bennett (1888) and Flenniken (1968b). This species is probably found throughout Rhode Island, especially on tombstones where collection was prohibited during the present study.