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THE FOLIOSE AND FRUTICOSE LICHEN FLORA
An annotated listing of 82 species of foliose and fruticose lichens found in Rhode Island during the summer of 2001 follows. Taxonomy follows that of Esslinger and Egan (1995). Identification relies primarily upon Hale (1979) and Flenniken (1999). The most common habitat (sunny, partial shade, shade) and substrate (soil, rock, trees, over mosses, etc.) is reported. In most cases, substrate material was collected with the specimens located within each packet. The relative abundance is given for each species under the heading Rhode Island status. This relative abundance is based upon the following arbitrary criteria: very common = found in 20+ sites; common = found in 6-19 sites; and uncommon = found in 2-5 sites. Species found in a single site are so indicated; these do not necessarily represent a rarity of the species, although it must be assumed that it is not widespread in the state. Pollution tolerance for many species has not been determined. Where that information is available (McCune et al. 1997, Richardson 1992, St. Clair 1999), notations have been made as tolerant, intermediate, or sensitive. Collection site(s) are given for each specimen collected, listing the name of the collection site, the town in which the site is located, and the field collection number. These data also appear on each packet. Notes are made to indicate previous records for the species, based upon the literature sources cited in the References. An accompanying photograph is provided for illustrative purposes. No keys to species are provided. When printed from a PDF file, photographs are approximately 3× normal size, in some cases having been cropped to standard size. The photographs were taken of fresh specimens, but most are dried and many have been somewhat flattened to take up less bulk. Color rendition on computer monitors and printers can vary significantly, and thus the accuracy of colors in the photographs is not guaranteed. Distribution maps are provided showing shading in each town in which that species was found. More than one locality within a single town boundary is not shown; thus, these maps represent distribution patterns, rather than abundance.
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